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Numerous other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies the usage of Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology Perth opening. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section requires expansion. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or reputable people. Though it has actually obtained some credibility as a religious beliefs in numerous nations, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and a commercial business.


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For instance, it has actually been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Video game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web survey run by the governmental shift group getting public input for the incoming administration. define scientology.


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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a tough linked here line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and click to investigate the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head office located at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later relabelled the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever perpetrated by a company not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No person or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has also in the past used aggressive techniques in addressing those it views as attempting to suppress them, known as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper understood to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice this Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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